A Study on the Translation Strategies of Chinese Culture Loaded Words from the Perspective of Domestication and Foreignization

: With the development of global economic integration, the political, economic and cultural exchanges between countries around the world are getting closer and closer. Translation has become one of the key means in cross-cultural communication and is indispensable. Because of different geographical environments and cultural backgrounds, countries all over the world have formed their own distinctive language and culture, among which culture loaded words have also been born. The task of translation is to use the cultural details of one language to transform the cultural details of another language, so the final translation effect is related to the translator's grasp of the two cultures. Based on this, translation theorists propose two translation strategies, namely, domestication and foreignization. Culture loads the command of cultural connotation carried by words, so it is more difficult to fully convey such words than to translate them into ordinary languages. In this regard, this paper studies the translation of culture loaded words, and explores the translation strategies of Chinese culture loaded words from the perspective of domestication and foreignization.

Foreignization is a source language or author oriented translation strategy.Foreignization translation method is mainly based on the retention of cultural terms in the source language text to convey the source language customs to the target language readers; Foreignization includes transliteration, literal translation and borrowing translation.Some culture loaded words are difficult to find their corresponding literal translation words in another language, so they cannot be translated directly, or they will cause partial semantic loss or semantic deviation.Domestication is the basic principle to solve the cultural problems involved in translation, which is actually the opposite of foreignization [1].Domestication is mainly to express foreign culture in a way that local people can understand.This domesticated translation theory is basically consistent with the "functional equivalence" translation theory.Domestication translation includes transliteration, substitution and ellipsis.

Culture loaded words
Because of the differences in geographical location, living environment, cultural background, and way of thinking, people in different regions have different cultural customs, which will generate a certain amount of words with unique meaning.In a specific language system, words that can carry special linguistic and cultural information and reflect human social life are culture loaded words.As far as Chinese culture loaded words are concerned, they are rich in cultural connotation and have certain national characteristics.In other language and cultural systems, culture loaded words are difficult or even completely without equivalent vocabulary, so they are an important specialty of cultures of various countries [2].It is precisely because it is difficult to find corresponding words in other language systems, so its translation is also relatively difficult, and it is generally difficult to translate by literal translation.In specific cross-cultural communication, it is impossible to avoid using culture loaded words, so culture loaded words play an important role in cross-cultural communication and cannot be ignored.The study of language and cultural background is helpful to the translation of culture loaded words.Only on this basis can we better understand and apply translation skills to translate culture loaded words accurately and comprehensively.

Domestication translation of Chinese culture loaded words
Domestication translation methods include intentional translation, addition, subtraction, replacement, etc. [3].There are numerous culture loaded words in China.Whether they are culture loaded words in classical Chinese, Tang poetry and Song poetry, or idioms, allegorical sayings, etc., they contain countless culture loaded words, which are all words with strong Chinese cultural characteristics.In specific translation practice, it is difficult to translate directly from the literal meaning, because some culture loaded words have no corresponding vocabulary and expression in the foreign language language system, such as our idioms, which are unique cultural expressions in China.Many idioms are formed from some allusions, with strong cultural background and regional characteristics, such as "lost in the east, gained in the west".It is now verified that the east corner is Zhengzhou, and Sangyu is Kaifeng.According to its geographical location, later generations used "Sangyu" and "Dongyu" respectively to refer to the sunset and the eastern sun source.These two place names gradually evolved into synonyms for sunrise and sunset.This linguistic expression phenomenon cannot find a corresponding expression in the western language and cultural system.Therefore, if you directly translate them by literal translation, western language readers will not understand.They will be confused about the meaning of these two words, and even the expression of the whole sentence is unclear.If he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.The translation of the nouns here has replaced them with sports that Westerners are keen on.It means that those who lost on the swing and won back on the roundabout have their words replaced, but the sentence meaning has not changed.They still express a strong determination to convey the cultural connotation of culture loaded words.At the same time, the translation also meets the cultural understanding needs of foreign readers.

Foreignization translation of Chinese culture loaded words
George Steiner believes that it is possible to translate completely equivalent, because those deeply rooted in history and society can be found in all languages.No matter how strange they seem, those ubiquitous things play a certain role in every language.From the translation of cultural works with many Chinese culture loaded words, it can be seen that the translation of literary works may always be more difficult than the translation of other types of texts, because literary works have specific values, called aesthetic and expressive values.The aesthetic function of works always emphasizes the beauty of words, figurative language, metaphor, etc. [4].However, the expression function should attach great importance to the author's thought (or thinking process), emotion and other factors.The translator should do his best to transfer these specific values to the target language.Therefore, we can see that different characters, rhymes and images can be translated to some extent, because different languages have different language backgrounds and unique cultures and beliefs.It is almost impossible to completely replace one language with another.What the translator can do is to try his best to express the author's true feelings, deepen his thoughts, and retain the elements and beauty of poetry as much as possible.
As a literary type, traditional cultural works, such as Tang poetry and Song Ci, have some special features compared with other literary types.In poetry, beauty is not only realized by choosing words and figurative language like novels and short stories, but also by creating rhythm, rhythm and specific expressions and structures that may not conform to daily language.We translators should try our best to do this.We can see that it is impossible to copy the original meaning in the target text, because translation involves the translator's understanding and the reader's understanding of the target text.For example, in the translation of Slow Voice by Li Qingzhao, a Chinese poetess, Xu Yuanchong, a famous translator, and Kenneth, a famous American writer Ray Cross's translation results are quite different.When translating the "images" in poetry, the two translators chose different words to express.For example, when translating the "yellow flowers" in poetry, Xu Yuanchong translated "yellow flowers", while Kenneth Kenneth ReCrosse's translation is "gold chrysanthemums", which seems to be no problem, but Xu Yuanchong directly translated it to express two meanings.One is that when autumn comes, chrysanthemums are in full bloom, giving people a light sense of sadness; First, people are like yellow flowers.They have reached a certain age and their years have passed away, which makes people sad.The melancholy expressed in the double meaning is more intense and more consistent with the meaning expressed in the original text, while Kenneth Lacross's translation only shows the literal meaning and does not reflect the general thoughts of the word "melancholy".
It can be seen that literal translation is feasible in the translation of some Chinese culture loaded words.However, in most cases, literal translation may not enable foreign readers to understand the expression of thoughts and feelings behind this, but in translation, the language expression structure can be kept consistent with the original text as much as possible, or transliteration can be used, so as not to destroy the original expression form as much as possible [5].

Translation thinking of Chinese cultural load words from the perspective of naturalization and alienation
From the perspective of naturalization and alienation, the translation of Chinese cultural load words needs to achieve the desired effect, and we must have a correct understanding of the English translation work.First of all, text communication is an important carrier of Chinese cultural vocabulary communication in the English world, and it is also the earliest form of communication.Due to the current cultural load word translation scholars and translators own ability is limited, the translation work relative support, in order to ensure that the Chinese culture in the English world, need to fully understand the culture of Chinese culture word translation, but also must have a good English cultural background and translation skills, enable them to detailed, comprehensive to do a good job of translation with the connotation of Chinese culture.Especially for Chinese translators, they have the cultural foundation of traditional cultural loaded words, but their English and cultural foundation is weak, so they need to be strengthened in this respect and actively promote Chinese words to the world.Translate the words and sentences of words with Chinese cultural color into English is not a simple language form transformation, which requires the translator to have flexible thinking and cognition in the translation process.[6] Some scholars have pointed out in their research that the process of translation is the process of understanding the expression of mother tongue and target language.Understanding is the combination of lines and language in the cognitive overall thinking through the reverse reduction of the object representation of the language symbols of the original language.In a work, the subject of English translation must be clear, the first translator encountered is the symbol of the original text.The corresponding cultural environment and style of this language are different, which requires the translation subject to understand.[7] This cognitive process is the translator's own understanding of the text culture full of Chinese culture.Only when the translator truly understands the lines and language in the original text can he accurately understand the original text, and then restore his own representation of the original language through the language symbols of the text.In translation, the translator reproduces the meaning and information obtained in the process of understanding and thinking, which is a kind of analysis and reconstruction of the original text by the translator in another language.Translate one language into another is itself a metaphorical process.In this process, the translator will selectively select the relevant information and features in the original language and adapt them in other languages to ensure a reasonable and natural transition between the two languages, avoid direct and difficulties, and it is necessary to avoid grammatical errors.In Chinese culture load word English translation, related vocabulary, language and other language expression has certain differences, from the general English works and expression habits, English vocabulary with Chinese culture color mostly involves literature, tradition, customs, etc., make the language use relative civilization and localization, and language must be rich, vocabulary and use of language more diverse.[8] When translating the lines and languages of the works containing Chinese cultural words into English, the accuracy of the words must be guaranteed, and the overall expression is clear and concise.The understanding of the vocabulary and language of English works must be matched with a certain context.To reach this level, the translator needs to have a certain accumulation of the original language, master the cultural background of the original language, and have a certain understanding of Chinese culture.To master the effective connotation of cultural loaded words requires the translator to grasp the meaning of Chinese cultural loaded words on the one hand, and on the other hand, to understand the professional terms commonly used in English, so as to ensure that the translation of cultural loaded words has a solid foundation for language and writing translation.

Conclusion
In the translation of Chinese culture loaded words, whether domestication or foreignization should be adopted depends on the specific situation, but the translator must grasp the cultural background of the two languages.Only by deeply understanding the two cultures can the translation best convey the meaning of the original text and achieve the ideal translation effect.