The Application Trend of Qing Dynasty Garden Design in Beijing Modern Residential

: After more than three thousand years of accumulation and development, traditional Chinese gardens have created their own profound and unique style of landscape architecture, which has important historical, cultural and artistic research and application value. In the Qing dynasty, the landscape of the Qing dynasty (1636-1912) was particularly developed in the Qing dynasty in 276 years. The capital of the Qing dynasty is today's Beijing, which is now the capital of China, so the landscape design style of the Qing dynasty is the most profound. Its pursuit is the perfect combination of man and nature, which also conforms to the expectation of the present people. This paper, through the study of the application of landscape application in Beijing, expounds the trend of contemporary Chinese people's demand and research on traditional culture, and the Chinese Qing dynasty style of residential houses are developing in a low-key and luxuriant way. The Chinese style of residential community is emerging in major Chinese cities, and it is a positive significance for the development of traditional culture in the traditional culture.


Introduction
In the Qing dynasty (1636-1912) 276, private gardens flourished in the Qing dynasty, focusing on artistic conception and poetry, and miming the natural landscape.The aesthetic trend is the use of fresh and fresh and "the view", so that the mountains and rivers reach the water mountain is not my preparation for me.It has unified the various ideas of people, and solves the lack of imagination in a relatively single building, giving people the room to dream and repair.It has achieved the harmony of natural beauty, architectural beauty, painting and artistic beauty, and recreated nature in a bustling city, but it is above nature.The Qing dynasty was the most built period in Chinese history, and the royal garden and the southern private garden were the two peaks of Chinese garden history.The size, size, richness and architectural grandeur of imperial gardens in Qing dynasty were unmatched in any time.The design of modern urban residential landscape should not be taken in the western landscape, it should not be limited to the idea of traditional Chinese landscape landscape, but should go down, fully considering the life style and social needs of modern people, and combine the traditional Chinese culture and modern techniques, and realize the perfect fusion of man and nature and society.It is of reference to the analysis of the characteristics of the Qing dynasty gardens, the ecological beauty, the cultural beauty and the emotional beauty, and the development trend of the modern community.

Origin and Development of Qing Dynasty garden design
In 1644, the Manchu people entered Beijing, gradually unified the whole country, and established the last feudal dynasty of China, the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China for more than 300 years.During the period of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty economic and literary development were very prosperous, known as the time of preparation [1].Because of the large construction of the garden, and the accumulation of the practice of the original garden and the experience of the garden, the Qing Dynasty has been greatly improved in the design, construction and management of the garden, and there has been a large number of famous garden masters, such as Zhang Lian in the period of Kangxi, and the Gao Yu in the Qianlong period.Royal gardens as national projects have always been the force of the country.They tend to focus on the best craftsmen and the most sophisticated techniques, and carefully build each garden element to meet the emperor's luxurious material enjoyment and the nine-to-five mental needs.Therefore, a imperial garden often reflects the material and cultural level of the time [2].

Beauty of vision
The Qing dynasty garden style focuses on the perspective of landscape painting, which can bring people into a kind of poetic and flowery state.In the process of landscape design, to understand the local situation, to handle each element of the road of the flower and wooden pavilion, and make the value of the landscape of the landscape of the garden can be fully utilized without against the conditions of the natural environment [3].

Ecological beauty
The traditional garden style of Qing dynasty is a complete natural ecosystem, and it also embodies the artistic characteristics of natural harmony, and the traditional design of traditional gardens in the past will be designed according to the natural environment and the function value of the garden itself, not only to reflect the characteristics of the local natural environment, but also to ensure the harmony between the garden and the natural environment [4].

Beauty of culture
Before the construction of the Qing dynasty gardens, it is usually supported by sculpture, opera and calligraphy, and the intimacy of different elements, which is usually expressed in terms of the style of writing, makes the theme of the whole garden more vivid [5].

Beauty of feeling
The landscape style of Qing dynasty will allow visitors to enjoy the garden, and it will also be emotionally resonant, and it will also make people's experience to be settled and the spirit will relax [6].

The rich garden landscape
In addition to the emperor's handling of official affairs, the imperial garden also has a very strong political and symbolic significance.The idea of the Kings of the ages is expressed through the shape of the exterior.In the Qing dynasty, the high centralization of the imperial throne was widely expressed in royal gardens (As shown in Figure 1).Figure 1: Qing dynasty garden, Author's hand drawing.

The A The Qing dynasty style landscape is hindered by the development of modern communities 2.2.1. The conflict of imitation and inheritance
Imitation and inheritance are the most important problems we face in our time.What we see in Chinese architecture today is more about imitation than inheritance, and the nature of inheritance is lost.How to carry out the essence and essence of the design of Chinese Qing dynasty architecture, meet the multi-level, diversified and multi-faceted building culture demand, is the problem that modern designers need to study [7].

The conflict between private ownership and public ownership
The evolution of the royal private ownership of imperial gardens in the Qing dynasty to the modern residential landscape has led to the contradiction between the characteristics and requirements of classical Chinese gardens.How to improve the garden square method of Chinese Qing dynasty gardens, and form the modern living garden landscape practice that meets the demand of Beijing residential garden.After thousands of years of development and inheritance, Chinese classical gardens are closely related to the living space, carrying the Chinese people's yearning for the ideal home.But with the development of The Times, the progress of society has put forward new requirements (Sheand 2012) for the use of traditional garden design in terms of function, size, space, design target, material and so on [8].

The contradiction between tradition and modernity
The design of Chinese landscape design in Qing dynasty is different from the western landscape design, but the pursuit of artistic conception, the beauty of nature is moved into life, and the elements such as mountain stone, water, flower wood, road, pavilion and other elements are pursued, and the pursuit of a subtle elegance is completely different from that of western landscape design.The development of modern cities in the post-industrial revolution, the study of the two differences has important practical value [9].

The study of Qing dynasty gardens helps the spread of historical culture
It is of great significance to study the landscape design method of modern Chinese gardens, which satisfy the needs of modern people who live in this country.The garden is an artistic life situation and the artistic situation of life.From the history of contemporary architecture, garden art around the world is constantly communicating and integrating.As a result of the comprehensive application of new technology, new materials and new art methods, various garden styles will be created, and the art of gardens will become more and more personalized.The negative effect of urban construction promotes the emergence of ecological design and the return of classical art.In landscape art, scientific design and artistic design tend to combine, ecology, aesthetics, architecture, psychology, sociology, behavioral science, electronics and other disciplines are integrated, and new breakthroughs and development are made.Replication and inheritance are important issues in our time.In today's Beijing, the architecture of residential gardens is a copy of the architecture of the landscape, so how to inherit the essence of the design of the Qing dynasty style landscape design, meet the multi-level needs of people, and have a positive meaning for the cultural life of the residential people.The northern garden mimicry the south of the river, which has been shown in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.In the northern suburbs of haidian town, royal gardens, lakes, springs, bureaucrats and noble relatives are all buying the garden here, and many of them are making a sense of the style of the garden of the river.This trend naturally affects royal gardens (As shown in Figure 2).

Study the importance of the Qing dynasty style landscape landscape.
The garden is humanized nature and nature.Therefore, the garden is both a living situation of art and an artistic situation of life.

Results
Traditional Chinese gardens are unique in the Qing dynasty, and as a kind of ornamental garden, the service objects are more than the court nobility, or the few people in society are the symbol of wealth and status, while modern gardens are widely found in cities, fully open and served in the community, and there are many differences.Over time, in landscape design, many designers are beginning to realize the importance of localization and try to localization design.As long as the landscape design respects the geographical environment and historical style of the field, there is an internal echo and natural transition between different regions, and the project meets the requirements of visual, ecological, functional and sustainable, and landscape design can be a rich classic.

Conclusion
According to statistics, there are 520 communities in Chaoyang District, the largest area in Beijing, about 48 with Chinese Qing style and 25 with mixed Chinese and Western style, accounting for 14%.It can be seen that the style is a part of modern Chinese urban construction.In the book "Selections of Imperial Gardens in Qing Dynasty" compiled by the School of Architecture of Tianjin University, it is stated that the scope of Chinese classical large-scale gardens is quite broad.In order to avoid the internal chaos of the landscape in the future, a variety of relatively independent and integrated small scenic spots have been established in the planned mountain area, which is more in line with the characteristics of modern residential gardens.This research is of great value to the construction of Qing Dynasty style residential gardens.The Qing Dynasty gardens are different from the previous dynasties in three aspects: garden function, garden concept and garden construction.The formation of the characteristics of garden construction accords with the special function requirements of gardens, the characteristics of the era of humanistic spirit and the symbolic significance of garden landscape, It is an important part of urban community construction in China in the future.