The Effect, Dilemma and Countermeasures of Cultivating Students' Craftsman Spirit in Higher Vocational Colleges in the New Era

: The cultivation of artisan spirit in higher vocational colleges is an urgent demand for high-quality economic and social development and people's better life, as well as the internal pursuit of building a high-quality higher vocational education system in the new era. However, the cultivation of artisan spirit in higher vocational colleges has some practical difficulties, such as imperfect cultivation system, weak cultural environment of colleges, poor integration of quality and skills, weak learning initiative of students, weak willpower, lack of home-school joint education platform, and comprehensive quality of parents to be improved. The cultivation of craftsman spirit requires system guarantee, school effort, students' cooperation and parents' responsibility to form a joint force and jointly cultivate the craftsman spirit of higher vocational students.


Introduction
The artisan spirit has received unprecedented attention from the state.We should take the development of vocational education as an important way to optimize the structure of higher education and train artisans and skilled craftsmen from big countries, and carry out activities such as "Artisans from big countries enter the campus" and "model workers enter the campus" to publicize and display the deeds and images of artisans from big countries, cultivate and inherit the spirit of good craftsmanship. [1]It can be seen that cultivating and carrying forward the spirit of artisans has become a very important arrangement for the development of the new era. [2]

Higher Vocational College Students' Recognition of the Cultivation of Craftsman Spirit is Improved
Higher vocational college students' recognition of the cultivation of craftsman spirit is one of the important achievements in higher vocational colleges since the new era.In the current investigation and research, it is found that college students' recognition of artisan spirit has greatly improved compared with the past. [3]It can be seen that the content of artisan spirit in the new era is rich and developed, and the understanding of vocational college students on the spirit of artisan not only includes the noble quality of the continuation of traditional culture, but also integrates with the research and practice in the field of higher vocational education, so that the spirit of artisan in the new era reflects the emotion of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and between man and society.
Survey data show that about 5% of higher vocational college students think that cultivating artisan spirit is not important, and the number of students who think that cultivating artisan spirit is important accounts for 95% of the total number, of which the number of people who think that it is relatively important and very important accounts for more than three-quarters of the total number of survey.Since China entered the new era, higher vocational colleges have made important achievements in cultivating college students' craftsman spirit, especially in improving the recognition degree of students' craftsman spirit.See Figure 1 for details Figure 1: Recognition degree of vocational college students for cultivating artisan spirit.

Higher Vocational College Students Generally Increase Their Willingness to Improve Their Academic Qualifications and Skills
Improving the degree and professional skills of college students can promote the cultivation of their craftsman spirit.The improvement of education and professional skills can enhance professional confidence to a large extent, and only on the basis of professional confidence can we better cultivate professional emotion and professional quality, so as to cultivate a good craftsman spirit. [4]Especially in recent years, with the strong support of national policies, the number of college students with higher vocational education and skills upgrading is on the rise.
According to the survey data, only less than 16% of vocational college students have no intention to improve their education and skills, nearly 84% of vocational college students are willing to improve their education and skills, and nearly 15% of students are confident that they can successfully improve their education and skills.This also reflects from the side that higher vocational colleges have made certain achievements in the process of cultivating college students' craftsman spirit.See Figure 2 for details. Figure 2: Intention of higher vocational students to prepare for higher level academic certificates and skill level certificates.

In the New Era, the Cultivation Methods of College Students' Craftsman Spirit are Diversified
In the new era, higher vocational college students have more ways to cultivate artisan spirit.The teaching form emphasizes the combination of online and offline, and the teaching method emphasizes the combination of in-class and off-class.When cultivating the craftsman spirit of students in higher vocational colleges, educators use traditional teaching methods offline to positively instill the importance of the craftsman spirit to students, while online teaching makes full use of teaching resources to show the excellent deeds of the craftsman spirit to students through multimedia platforms, and correctly guide the value orientation of students.The learning method of craftsman spirit has also changed from the traditional oral teaching and discussion to the combination of theory and practice.Especially since multimedia has been widely used in classroom teaching, college teachers have gradually attached importance to the combination of online and offline teaching and in-class and after-class teaching during the learning process of craftsman spirit.

The Cultivation System of Artisan Spirit is not Perfect
Higher vocational colleges are the main position of cultivating artisan spirit, and the vocational education system is an important support for cultivating artisan spirit in higher vocational colleges.In order to achieve good results, the cultivation of artisan spirit needs a certain social system to escort it.However, from the current situation, the social system of artisans spirit cultivation in our country is still not perfect, and there is a lot of space to explore and improve.

The Cultural Environment of Higher Vocational Colleges is Not Strong Enough
Good cultural atmosphere is the foundation for the development of higher vocational colleges, the soul of strong schools is also the stone of educating people, and plays a key role in the healthy growth of higher vocational college students and the shaping of values.Campus culture education is one of the ten education systems.Many higher vocational colleges have gradually realized the importance of craftsman spirit, and realized the important value of integrating craftsman spirit into campus culture construction so as to play the education function.However, at present, the traditional thinking of valuing skills over humanities in many higher vocational colleges has not changed substantially. [5]Therefore, the view of the important value of campus culture education only stays at the level of consciousness, but it does not rise to the height of theory and transform into material and practice.

Poor Integration of Quality and Skills in Higher Vocational Colleges
Curriculum is an important means to achieve educational goals and teach teaching content, and scientific and reasonable curriculum is the key to achieve teaching goals.To cultivate the craftsman spirit of higher vocational college students also needs to rely on certain courses and integrate the elements of craftsman spirit into the curriculum; Let students experience the craftsman spirit while learning professional courses, so as to establish correct learning goals and ideals and beliefs, and achieve happy learning.For college students, artisan spirit and professional skills are two interdependent aspects, abandoning either will cause defects in their own development. [6]However, in the process of cultivating students' craftsman spirit, the curriculum setting of higher vocational colleges fails to achieve a high degree of integration of craftsman spirit and professional skills, showing a state of detachment in most of the time.

Students' Learning Initiative is Not Strong
At present, the phenomenon of college students' learning initiative and poor learning effect is common in colleges and universities.Before college, students have accepted the passive learning style under the long-term influence of exam-oriented education, and have been accustomed to the high-pressure supervision and cramming style of learning.Once in the university, once lost care, many students will easily have a feeling of doing nothing, and one-sided attention to intellectual education, neglect moral education, physical education, aesthetic education and labor technology education.At the same time, the lack of rational cognition of vocational college students for the future career is also an important reason for the low enthusiasm and lack of motivation of vocational college students to learn artisan spirit.

Students' Overall Willpower is Weak
The cultivation of good craftsman spirit cannot be developed overnight or overnight, and good willpower is the driving force for the cultivation of craftsman spirit.The study willpower discussed in this paper refers to the willpower of college students to learn professional skills on the one hand, and the willpower of learning craftsman spirit on the other hand.No matter which aspect of the weak will will restrict the vocational college students craftsman spirit.

Lack of Home-school Co-parenting Platform
Vocational college students artisan spirit cultivation lack of home-school joint education platform.On the one hand, because some vocational colleges themselves do not pay attention to the cultivation of vocational college craftsman spirit, they also neglect the important role of family education in the cultivation of vocational college students' craftsman spirit.On the other hand, due to the prevalence of home-school conflicts in recent years and the complex relationship between home-school and college, it is very difficult to deal with them.In order to reduce some unnecessary troubles, many vocational colleges hold reservations on the consideration of building a platform for home-school joint education of vocational college students' craftsman spirit.

The Comprehensive Quality of Parents Needs to be Improved
The poor comprehensive quality of some parents is also an important reason for the unsatisfactory effect of vocational college students' craftsman spirit cultivation.Due to the lack of family education knowledge, the education of children may have a certain deviation.For vocational colleges to cultivate college students' craftsman spirit, if vocational students seriously lack hands-on ability, independent thinking ability and correct cognition ability, it is very difficult for students to develop a good craftsman spirit, and it is also a severe challenge for vocational colleges to achieve good cultivation effect.In addition, some bad habits of parents will also hinder the development of vocational students' craftsman spirit, such as: smoking, drinking, gambling, and Internet addiction.If parents cannot lead by example, it is difficult for their words and deeds to play an example and teach their children.

Create a Good Institutional Environment
For the cultivation of craftsman spirit in colleges and universities, the state should focus on building an education system that conforms to the craftsman spirit in the new era.Focusing on ideological and political education in colleges and universities, craftsman spirit, as a new era labor spirit and professional ethics featuring excellence, quality, pursuit of excellence and patriotic dedication, is closely related to ideological and political education and moral education in colleges and universities.This means that "the cultivation of artisan spirit should be integrated into the education system to improve the value recognition of the artisan spirit from all walks of life." [7]To be specific, it is necessary to integrate the cultivation of craftsman spirit into the ideological and political education and the education of socialist core values in colleges and universities, and establish an education system with the value of dedication, excellence and pursuit of excellence; We will promote the construction of the vocational education system, improve the professional ethics education system, provide necessary support for professional ethics and labor spirit education in colleges and universities in terms of system, policy and funds, and effectively improve and enhance the development environment and social status of skilled personnel.
From the perspective of top-level design, the main strategy of the state to cultivate artisan spirit is to establish and improve the collaborative guarantee mechanism and the collaborative development mechanism of production, education and research, especially to strengthen the ideological and political education function of the artisan spirit.In the new era, the state has formulated a national strategic roadmap for the cultivation of craftsman spirit, especially in the ideological and political curriculum and curriculum ideological and political education process carried out top-level design and practice promotion, not only to give play to the ideological and political education function of the craftsman spirit, but also to practice the cultivation of the craftsman spirit from the curriculum ideological and political education, and effectively integrate the craftsman spirit into the ideological and political curriculum.To promote the cultivation project of craftsman spirit from the perspective of the unification of specialized courses and ideological and political courses.

Provide Strong Cultural Support
To cultivate and promote the spirit of artisans in the new era, we must start from the cultural atmosphere, work hard on the concept culture, value culture and system culture, and "provide strong cultural support for the cultivation of the spirit of artisans".Cultivate a good value culture and guide the society to correctly grasp the value of the craftsman spirit in the new era.Through the cultivation of value culture, the social status and social value of craftsman and craftsman are fully recognized and affirmed, and the unhealthy social atmosphere and utilitarian mentality on labor are criticized.In particular, by introducing and integrating the craftsman spirit into the ideological and political education in colleges and universities, we can give play to the ideological and political education function of the craftsman spirit in the new era, focus on cultivating the ingenuity of college students, and form practical, innovative, lean and excellent life values and professional ethics.
College teachers and students should closely associate the cultivation of craftsman spirit with the construction of campus culture, cultivate the craftsman spirit in the new era through the construction of colorful campus culture, reach a consensus on the issue of integrating the cultivation of craftsman spirit into the construction of campus culture, and truly regard the construction of campus culture as an important platform and carrier for the cultivation of college students' craftsman spirit.In the construction of campus culture, the elements, knowledge and spirit of artisan spirit will be integrated into campus culture, reflecting the school philosophy and education mission of colleges and universities, so that college students can forge originality in the influence and subtle influence.It is also necessary to invite craftsmen into the campus, feel the essential connotation and important value of the craftsman spirit in the new era through understanding real cases, encourage students to participate in education and training activities, enhance the understanding and practice of the craftsman spirit, and truly improve their professional ethics and spiritual realm.

Cultivation Path at the University Level
Colleges and universities are the main positions for cultivating artisan spirit in the new era.Introducing the craftsman spirit of the new era into the ideological and political education of colleges and universities can not only enrich the spiritual resources of the ideological and political education of colleges and universities, but also give play to the ideological and political education function of the craftsman spirit of the new era, and realize the fundamental mission of cultivating people in the interactive integration of the two.
With the development of vocational education, the concept of open and cooperative education in vocational colleges has become increasingly apparent.In order to cultivate the craftsman spirit of college students, we should not only enrich the content of cultivation, but also pursue diversification in the form of cultivation, and give full play to the power of multi-subject cooperation and co-education.On the one hand, the government should build a broad platform to let the craftsman spirit go out while attaching importance to cultivating the craftsman spirit of college students.On the other hand, we should give full play to the role of enterprises, stimulate the participation of social forces, and jointly cultivate the craftsman spirit of college students. [8]t is also necessary to invite school teachers as academic mentors to pair with students and teach them by example in teaching and research, so as to cultivate students' dedicated and rigorous academic attitude and excellent and lean working spirit.At the same time, we should also invite skilled talents as practical mentors to play their role as examples, cultivate and educate college students' craftsman spirit with personal experience and practical practice, and guide students to achieve all-round development of moral, intellectual, physical, American and labor.

Improve Students' Learning Initiative
Vocational college students need to cultivate craftsman spirit from passive to active.Teachers teach science, broad, applicable, students should also learn active, active, effective.Vocational college students should cultivate good craftsman spirit, develop good learning interests and habits on the basis of the craftsman spirit cognition, and adhere to the unity of teaching and learning of craftsman spirit.The cultivation of good craftsman spirit in higher vocational colleges is not only a problem of thought and understanding, but also a problem of practice, which is a process of promoting action by knowledge, promoting knowledge by action and combining knowledge and action.Through the close connection between the study of the theoretical knowledge of craftsman spirit and practical action, the good image of "unity of knowledge and practice and down-to-earth" is created.The original intention of cultivating the spirit of craftsman is to internalize and internalize the spirit of craftsman in the college students.

Enhance Students' Willpower to Learn
Students in higher vocational colleges need to develop good learning habits to improve their willpower to learn craftsman spirit.Good learning habits can benefit people for life.Only after forming good learning habits can students in higher vocational colleges improve their professional skills and craftsman spirit and make more lasting progress. [9]Only by developing good learning habits and constantly improving their ability to resist setbacks, can vocational college students develop a more dedicated, lean, focused and innovative craftsman spirit.In the process of cultivating artisan spirit, students in higher vocational colleges should not rush, but be down-to-earth and steady, and cultivate the spiritual qualities that are both focused and can withstand loneliness, sit on the bench and work hard. [10]

Building an Effective Linkage Platform
Vocational colleges should actively set up parent committees.The purpose of setting up parent committees in vocational colleges is to allow more parents to have the opportunity to participate in the process of cultivating students' craftsman spirit in vocational colleges, and at the same time, through this platform, the school's craftsman spirit education concept and cultivation methods can be instilled in parents.So that more parents can understand the importance of vocational college students to cultivate craftsman spirit and the importance of home-school joint education to cultivate the craftsman spirit of vocational college students.To a certain extent, the formation of parent committees in vocational colleges can not only improve the education level of parents, narrow the gap between school education and family education, but also reach more consensus on cultivating artisan spirit, which is more conducive to the cultivation of artisan spirit among college students.

Enhance the Comprehensive Quality of Parents
In order to give full play to the auxiliary role of family education in cultivating college students' craftsman spirit, we must attach importance to enhancing the comprehensive quality of parents, which requires parents to make all-round efforts.Parents should have patience, confidence and determination to cultivate their children's craftsman spirit.At the same time, parents should also realize that the cultivation of craftsman spirit not only requires the efforts of the school, but also the responsibility and obligation of the family.Therefore, parents should not only support, guide and supervise their children's cultivation of craftsman spirit, but also support, encourage and cooperate with the school's cultivation work.Parents should strive to improve their own awareness of artisan spirit play a solid auxiliary role and work together with higher vocational colleges to cultivate students' artisan spirit.Parents should also actively play their own role model, with words and examples to cultivate children's hard-working, rigorous focus, dedication, willing to contribute, open and innovative craftsman spirit.

Conclusion
In the face of the new journey of building a modern country in an all-round way, higher vocational colleges need to train students to establish correct values, system guarantee, school efforts, students' cooperation and parents' responsibility, form a joint force, and cultivate vocational students' craftsman attitude and spirit of focusing on fine work and surpassing innovation.