Recruit condition requirements and welfare of Ph.D. teachers in China's newly-built public undergraduate universities

: Taken through random selection from China's second-tier and above cities, third and fourth-tier cities, fifth-tier and below cities, thirty newly-built public undergraduate universities’, recruit condition requirements and welfare for newly Ph.D. teachers of universities are investigated and studied. The research considers the first degree, majors, age, scientific research ability, agreed service period, and scientific research tasks of the service period, the settling-in allowance(including housing subsidies), “Enjoy the Welfare” of associate professors and so on of newly Ph.D. teachers, to compare different newly-built public undergraduate universities in the recruit condition requirements and welfare from the different cities. The result of the study shows that due to city differences, the ratio of Ph.D. teachers in the universities of China's second-tier cities and above, third and fourth-tier cities, fifth-tier cities and below differ. Moreover, in recruit condition requirements and welfare of Ph.D. teachers, regional differences are also relatively evident. The overall trend reveals that some universities for the second-tier and above cities put forward higher requirements in the first degree, consistency of undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. majors, scientific research ability, and service-term scientific research tasks.


Introduction
The recruit condition requirements and welfare of Ph.D. teachers in China's newly-built public undergraduate universities is mainly based on the following three considerations: First, a greater demand of Ph.D. teachers for the newly-built undergraduate universities.From 2000 to 2015, the ministry of education of the People's Republic of China learned that in the span of 16 years, 403 newly-built undergraduate universities reached almost half of the country's general undergraduate universities (China News Network.2016) [1].In addition, there are nearly 300 independent private universities in China.These newly-built undergraduate universities are relatively lacking in the ability to run universities and are in need of high degree educated teachers.Hence, the demand for Ph.D. teachers in newly-built undergraduate universities is greater.Second, the orientation of the universities for Ph.D. employment.Studies shows that teaching and scientific research are the preferred type of work for Ph.D.While universities and research institutions are the preferred units for Ph.D. employment.Third, the supply and demand of the Ph.D. market has been reduced, so that the employment situation of Ph.D. in universities is tightening year by year.From the point of view of supply and demand in recent years, the number of Chinese graduates has increased significantly.Data shows that in 2010, China's Ph.D. enrollment was 63,762 people, and in 2019 China's Ph.D. enrollment of 105,200 people.This resulted to an oversupply of Ph.D. degree holders in the market (China Education Online.2020) [2] .Consequently, this paper focuses on the recruit condition requirement and welfare of Ph.D. teachers in China's newly-built public undergraduate universities.
The Ph.D. referred to in this article refers to the "general" Ph.D. who has obtained a Ph.D. through a scientific research level at home or abroad.
However, the current demand calls for "excellent Ph.D." not the "general Ph.D." Thus, creating a surplus on the count of "general Ph.D.".To be able to cope with China's higher education expansion and quality improvement transformation, employment standards for the newly built public undergraduate universities is a must.Hence, this research focus on the recruit condition requirements and welfare of Ph.D. teachers in newly built public undergraduate universities.This paper would be beneficial in providing reference for their employment standards.Moreover, this research aims to take the recruitment announcement of the 30 newly-built public undergraduate universities in 2019 and 2020 to analyze the conditions and welfare characteristics, to explore the general law of introducing Ph.D. teachers, and to put forward relevant policy recommendations.However, it should be pointed out that this study only relies on the given application materials of the Ph.D. teachers to judge their competence and to know their corresponding level of welfare.Due to lack of relevant supporting data, this paper delimits the definition of "welfare" as the welfare of talent corresponding to the apparent strength of the candidates.

Regional distribution of sample universities
Through random selection of thirty (30) newly-built public undergraduate universities among the different city-tiers in the country, the researchers were able to collect and organize their 2019 and 2020 annual recruitment of Ph.D. teachers' announcements as an aid for proper results of the study.The researchers also made us of an article on city classification level based on: May 24, 2019, the first financial new first-tier city-level city institute held a "new first-tier city summit" as a reference for the city-tiers used in this paper.The theme of the summit is "Ten thousand possibilities of the city " [3] , the summit released the "2019 city business charm leaderboard" of the city grade classification (First Finance.2019).Please refer to Table 1 below for details.

The status quo of the talent pool in the sample universities-Ph.D. teacher
Reflected above are the ratios of the number of Ph.D. teachers to the total number of full-time teachers in the whole university (the main source of the data is the recruit of the university's official website and the 2019 undergraduate teaching quality report).Among the 30 sample universities, the highest ratio of Ph.D. teachers in Dongguan University of Technology with 71.67 percent, the lowest ratio of Ph.D. teachers is at Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University with 1.3%.The top five universities with the number of Ph.D. teachers in thirty (30) universities are: Dongguan University of Technology (71.67%), Jiaxing University (54.55%),Xiamen University of Technology (51.25%), Guangdong University of Education (40.36%),Guizhou Institute of Technology (39.73%).The bottom five universities in 30 universities with the number of Ph.D. teachers are: Xinyu University (7.32%), Xichang University (5.47%), Hechi University (4.63%), Guangxi National Normal University (4%) Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University (1.3%).By region, the average Ph.D. teachers' ratio of ten (10) universities in Second-tier cities and above was 40.12%; of which the highest Ph.D. teachers ratio was 71.67% in Dongguan University of Technology, and 21.12 % lowest at Shijiazhuang University, for third and fourth-tier cities' average Ph.D. teacher ratio in 10 universities was 23.24%; of which the highest Ph.D. teacher ratio was 39.83% in Huzhou Normal University and 9% percent lowest at Xingtai University, the Five-tier and below cities' 10 universities has average Ph.D. teacher ratio of 8.73%; of which the highest Ph.D. teacher ratio was 15.94% in Neijiang Normal University and 1.3 % lowest at Guangxi Science and Technology.Comparing the different city-tiers, it can be seen that there is a gradient gap between the average Ph.D. teacher compared to the region.Please refer to Table 2 below for details.(1) The requirements for the first degree Among the 30 sample universities, 4 universities require a full-time undergraduate degree, namely: Dongguan University of Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Xiamen University of Technology, Xianyang Normal University.Results revealed that the requirements of second-tier and above cities universities are higher than other cities.
(2) The requirements of consistency of undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. majors Base from the 30 sample universities, 5 universities explicitly require the recruit of new Ph.D. teachers when the majors is consistent or similar, with a total of 16.67 percent.The remaining 25 universities in the recruitment plan are not clear in requirements in this regard which is more than 80% of the newly-built public undergraduate universities in the recruit of new Ph.D. teachers.Hence, major as a requirement of Ph.D. graduates is not the focus.
(3) Age limit For the Second-tier cities and above, there are 7 universities with age requirements under 35 years, and 3 universities with age requirements of less than 40 years.Among the Third and Fourth-tier cities, there are 3 universities with an age requirement of less than 35 years, 2 universities with an age requirement of less than 40 years, and 4 universities with an age requirement of less than years.For the Five-tier and below cities, there are 0 university with an age requirement of less than 35 years, living allowance).The overall proportion of universities which explicitly provide degree allowance is about 63.33%.
(5) Spouse placement Base from the 30 sample universities, 17 universities have made clear commitment to solve the work of their Ph.D. spouses according to their spouse's degree qualifications, have State-official teacher, casual workers, contract workers and so on.Some cities' universities may be coordinated by the corresponding part of the municipal government.Thirteen (13) universities do not mention the placement of Ph.D. spouses in the recruitment brief, which certainly does not mean that they are not resolved.Statistically speaking, 56.67 percent of universities solve the problem of Ph.D. spouses work, and 43.33 percent of universities do not mention the placement of Ph.D. spouses in their work.By region, 20% of second-tier and above city's universities solve the problem of Ph.D. spouse's works, 50% in third and fourth-tier city's universities, and 100% in the fifth-tier and below cities' universities.It can be seen that the Five-tier and below cities' universities for the Ph.D. spouse work placement is the strongest.
(6) Enjoy the welfare of associate professors Among the 30 sample university, 16 university made it clear that new Ph.D. teachers could enjoy three years of associate professorship.Of the 16 universities, four universities are from the secondtier and above cities, 6 universities from the third and fourth-tier cities, and 6 universities from the Five-tier and below cities.The regional proportion of 25%, 37.5% and 37.5% of the second-tier and above city's universities, third and fourth-tier city's universities, fifth-tier and below city's universities, respectively.Thus, third and fourth-tier cities' universities have better welfare in this regard.The remaining 14 universities have not publicly committed to giving new Ph.D. teachers to enjoy the welfare of associate professors.The number of universities with "enjoy the welfare of associate professors" has an overall percentage of 53.33%.

Conclusions
(1) There is a significant gap between the full-time teachers in the whole university and Ph.D. teachers in the newly-built public undergraduate universities.Also, gaps between the average Ph.D. teacher ratio index shows that China's second-tier cities and above, third and fourth-tier cities, fifthtier and below-city universities is larger.
(2) Most of the newly-built public undergraduate universities do not have clear-cut requirements in recruiting Ph.D. teachers for the first degree, the consistency of undergraduate, master's and Ph.D. majors, Scientific research ability and the scientific research task.On the other hand, the age and service period of the new Ph.D. teachers are clearly defined.
(3) Some universities have some access restrictions for the recruitment of new Ph.D. teachers, the second-tier and above city's universities generally have higher requirements for the scientific research achievements and service-time scientific research tasks of new Ph.D. teachers.As compared to the Five-tier and below city's universities have lower requirements in this regard.
(4) Most newly-built public undergraduate universities solve the housing problem of new Ph.D. teachers in various ways.One way would be giving them a Settling-in allowance and research startup fees.Comparing all regions, the five-tier and below-the-city's universities do better in this aspect.
(5) First of all, in accordance with the resolution of the 33rd meeting of the Degree Committee of the State Council and the document of the Degree Committee of the State Council on the Issuance of the Measures for the Authorization and Review of The Master's Degree (Degree (2017 No. 9) [4] , the application of new master's degree grant units for newly-built undergraduate universities requires that the proportion of full-time teachers with Ph.D. teachers should not be less than 25% (the proportion

Table 1 :
City Classification of Universities&List of existing Ph.D teachers in each University

Table 2 :
Recruit condition requirements for each university

Table 3 :
Welfare of Ph.D. teachers for each university