Research on Inheritance and Development Strategy of Public Space of Traditional Settlements in Huxiang Region from the Perspective of Cultural and Tourism Integration

: At present, the popularity of cultural tourism around the country is rising, which makes the research on the inheritance and development strategy of Huxiang area traditional settlement public space from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the relevant theories of spatial field cultural genes, this study extracted the gene elements of the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area, and conducted a questionnaire survey on the gene elements of the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area among residents and tourists. Furthermore, the challenge of inheriting and developing the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang region lies in the existing problems of public space and the mismatch of people's high needs. In view of these problems, this study proposed that the public space inheritance and development of Huxiang traditional settlements from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration should be positioned as " Poetic Chu land, Painting Huxiang " and aim at realizing cultural inheritance and sustainable development of traditional settlement tourism, so as to realize the inheritance and development strategy construction of settlement views, time and space views, residence views and linkage views, and help the steady development of Huxiang traditional settlements.


Introduction
Settlements are the means of human existence, the present representation of humanity.The development of settlements has entered a new stage with the modernization of life style brought about by the progress of human society, economy, culture and science and technology.The public space of traditional settlements is the place where residents engage in public activities.It plays the role of maintaining the sense of community identity and inheriting the spirit of traditional culture, and becomes an important part of traditional settlements.With the economic development, the population structure of traditional settlements has changed significantly, the urban modernization elements have invaded, and the development of traditional settlement public space has applied the urban public space model, etc., which makes the change of traditional settlement production and life style and the collective memory of public space gradually disappear, causing residents to gradually produce new requirements for public space.
Up to now, there are 13 national-level historical and cultural towns and villages in Huxiang region and 658 villages and towns listed in the list of Chinese traditional villages.89% of these traditional settlements are located in the mountainous and hilly areas of south Hunan, southwest Hunan, west Hunan and northwest Hunan, which have been the settlements of many ethnic groups in China in history and are also important settlements of Chinese ethnic minorities.The traditional settlements in Huxiang area contain the vitality of Huxiang people's life, carry the nostalgia and memory of Huxiang's millennium civilization, and inherit the excellent traditional culture of Huxiang history.At present, the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area needs to make full use of advanced science and technology and platforms to clarify the commonality of cultural genes of settlement culture in public space, so as to achieve better inheritance and development.

The integration of culture and tourism provides an opportunity for the inheritance and development of the public space of traditional settlements in Hunan
At the 2019 National Culture and Tourism Bureau meeting, the Minister of Culture and Tourism proposed the development strategy of cultural and tourism integration, which brought new opportunities for the inheritance and development of the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang region.With the integration strategy of cultural tourism, it is beneficial to awaken the cultural habitus of Huxiang area, connect the main body of Huxiang culture inheritance, and reform the cultural assets of Huxiang traditional settlements.On the basis of the continuation and transformation of the public space form of traditional settlements, matching tourism functions and exploring the inheritance and development strategies of the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang are of great significance for inheriting the local characteristic culture of Huxiang, realizing the sharing of hosts and guests in the region, and helping the rural revitalization.
Habitus is the value concept, thinking habit and behavior pattern formed by the subject in the process of socialization (2004, Pierre B) [1].Field and habitus shape each other and achieve each other.As a multi-ethnic settlement area in China since ancient times, with the progress of The Times and the development of society, the inheritance of traditional ethnic culture in the traditional settlement area tends to be one-sided, and the emotional identity and value identity of traditional settlement residents have also undergone great changes(2021, Fengqin Y) [2].The proposed integration of culture and tourism creates a new opportunity for the inheritance and development of traditional settlement culture, the revival of settlement culture and the reconstruction of cultural field.
As an indispensable part in the process of cultural and tourism integration, human resources provide favorable conditions for the social, cultural, political and economic development of traditional settlements in Huxiang area, and also provide a guarantee for the reconstruction of Huxiang cultural inheritance field.On the one hand, the integration of culture and tourism provides manpower support for the development of Huxiang traditional settlement area.On the one hand, the integration of culture and tourism provides manpower support for the development of Huxiang traditional settlement area.On the other hand, the integration of culture and tourism uses the joint advantages of the complex functions of public space to develop endogenous talent power, which also helps to optimize and adjust the structure of Huxiang national culture inheritance field with the help of human resources, and promotes the cultural inheritance and economic common development of Huxiang traditional settlements.
The Huxiang cultural field is embodied in the forms of language style, educational quality, taste and life style proposed in order to protect and inherit Huxiang culture.In Huxiang cultural field, the integration of culture and tourism provides a new opportunity to invest unprecedented material and financial support for the development of Huxiang traditional settlements, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the development of Huxiang traditional settlements.It not only helps break the barrier of disconnection between cultural inheritance and economic development in rural areas by changing the single industrial structure of traditional settlements, but also makes reasonable use of the economic value of traditional national culture and develops national industries to open up cultural markets and drive the development of regional economy.

Cultural gene perception in the field of settlement public space
Field culture must condense people's perception and impression, often manifested in the perception of concrete terrain, buildings, plants, and the impression of abstract space shape, walking path, memory sequence, etc., which are interwoven.Christaller put forward the famous "central place theory" in the Central Place Of Southern Germany(1996,Christaller W) [3].In his works such as The Timeless Way of Building, Alexander studied rural settlements from the perspective of urban settlements and architectural studies (2001, Alexander C) [4].The focus theory of settlement and environment elaborated by Christian Norberg-Schulz in the GENIUS LOCI: Towards A Phenomenology Of Architectural (2010, Norberg-Schulz C) [5].And Kevin Lynch describes the five elements of the sense of place: "road", "boundary", "area", "node" and "marker" in the The Image Of The City (2001, Kevin L) [6].There is a lot of literature that makes this point.
The traditional settlements in Huxiang area, as the birthplace of culture with a long history, have unique cultural characteristics.The field culture represented by the settlement public space undoubtedly has distinct characteristics of Huxiang culture, and thus becomes a specific starting point for the implementation of the national culture and tourism integration strategy.Moreover, the perception of public space culture of traditional settlements in Huxiang area under the perspective of cultural and tourism integration can be explored from the perspective of local residents and foreign tourists.

Investigation of genetic elements and collection of data samples in settlement public space
Firstly, we extract and screen the influencing factors and related indicators in the literature of settlement public space.Secondly, the residents and tourists were surveyed by questionnaires and listened to opinions and made statistics.Thirdly, the influence factors of traditional villages are determined by combining the selected influencing factors and the investigated influencing factors based on the expert opinions.
This study takes the historical public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area as the research object, and does not consider the newly constructed public space.On the Gestalt map, the relationship between the iconic structures and the street style of the traditional settlement public space in Huxiang area is formed.According to people's intuitive perception of space geometry, it can be divided into point space, line space and plane space.Point-like space is mainly a small piece of space in front of the residents' door connecting the road or other public space, road interchange space and so on.Linear space is mainly linear space of road.The planar space is dominated by large Spaces with collective gathering public activities.The linear space dominated by the road links the point space and the plane space to form a directional walking space, which is the skeleton of the network structure of the traditional settlement public space and controls the overall structure of the traditional settlement public space.The planar space in the traditional settlement of Huxiang region occupies an important position in the gene elements of public space because of its normal functional attributes.
A questionnaire was used to investigate the perception of residents and tourists on the public space elements of Huxiang traditional settlements, including the degree of demand for the current situation of spatial gene elements.The 5-level Likert scale was adopted by setting up questionnaires.A total of 200 questionnaires were collected, 100 questionnaires were collected from settlement residents and 100 questionnaires were collected from tourists.192 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 96%.This questionnaire survey visited the existing national historical and cultural towns and villages in Huxiang area and the villages and towns selected in the list of Chinese traditional villages.The interviewed local residents are mainly aged between 26 and 55, all of whom have lived in the settlements for more than 15 years and are very familiar with the settlement environment.Most of them have gone out to work in economically developed cities, which can rationally and reliably reflect their familiarity with the settlements.Most of the surveyed tourists are traveling in these traditional settlements, and most of them are between 18 and 55 years old and have full mobility.

Data processing and analysis of gene element samples in settlement public space
According to the investigation, street style, landmark structure, festival customs, cultural activities and natural environment are the main spatial gene factors of traditional settlement public space culture Figure 1 and Figure 2.
The identifying structure elements together become the most important elements for the perception of traditional settlements by local residents and visitors.The second most important factor in residents' perception intention of public space genes of Huxiang traditional settlements is festival customs, and they believe that the street style elements of the settlements they have lived in for many years are also the third most important spatial gene elements.However, tourists are more interested in the elements of street style in the public space of traditional settlements than in the festival customs.At the same time, the cultural activities and natural environment elements in the public space of Huxiang traditional settlements are also left an important impression by local residents and foreign tourists, but the proportion of other elements does not account for an important proportion.The purpose of tourists visiting the traditional settlements in Huxiang area is to find the sense of identity and belonging of the root of Huxiang culture, while the residents of traditional settlements in Huxiang area hope to enjoy the work brought by various public behaviors of communication and interaction in the development of cultural tourism and to live in peace brought by the improvement of living environment.All these converge on the public space of the traditional settlements in Huxiang area, especially on the landmark structures and street styles.According to different functional types, the surface public Spaces with distinctive structures and street style spatial elements in Huxiang traditional settlements are classified as political space, business space, temple space, education space, life and leisure space.The spatial gene elements of traditional settlement public space in Huxiang area, such as ancient county yamen, ancient settlement gate, bell and drum tower are summarized as political space< Table 1.>.In Huxiang area, the local chamber of commerce, newspaper office, bank, dramatic stage, cigarette shop, tavern, inn, workshop, shop, and other spatial gene elements of traditional settlement public space are summarized as business space< Table 2>.The spatial gene elements of Buddhist temple, Taoist palace, Christian gospel church, Islamic Mosque, Ancestral shrine, memorial archway, and other temples of traditional settlement in Huxiang area can be summed up in the temple space< Table 3>.The spatial gene elements of traditional settlement public space such as Confucius temple and school in Huxiang area can be summarized as education space< Table 4>.The spatial gene elements such as plaza, Flower Bridge, pavilions, spring well, natural pond, natural river, and natural mountain forest of traditional settlements in Huxiang area can be summarized as living and leisure space< Table 5>.In this study, the 27 main secondary functional space fields under the primary functional type extracted from the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang are the representatives of public spatial gene elements, and their gene element categories are labelled.landscape △ From the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, the activation of gene elements in the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area should take into account the needs of region, culture, spirit, entertainment, space design and other aspects.In the case of fully considering the interests of tourists and local residents, the questionnaire survey data were analyzed by demand degree, and the spatial gene elements were classified into demand degree levels, with 2.5~3.5 indicating need and 3.5~4.5 indicating very need.Natural mountain landscape, natural water landscape, iconic characteristic architecture, national activities, national skills, national festivals, street style, walking path, dining, leisure space comfort, night scene design, service office identificability, toilet identificability and other elements of the rating is 3.5 ~ 4.5.Note: Street style , iconic structures ※, festival customs ◎, cultural activities □, natural landscape △ According to the above research, in the integrated development of culture and tourism, the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang region faces high demands from residents and tourists for ethnic characteristics, spatial quality and service level, as well as requirements mismatch problems such as the destruction of ethnic style, lack of functionality, natural environment landscape to be improved, and poor industrial integration.
Economic development brings the culture of the new era, and the localism of traditional settlements is gradually invaded by the modern elements brought by the residents who go out to work and the business.The development of public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area ignored the original production and life style and cultural characteristics of traditional settlements, and began to apply the urban model, which made its construction lack the original local characteristics(2020, Xuelian C) [6].At the same time, the lack of consideration of cultural elements and the lack of cultural characteristic symbols have resulted in the serious homogenization of public space.In addition, the application of new materials and new technologies has weakened the uniqueness of the public space of the traditional settlement, and the ethnic customs and styles have also broken the sense of balance and harmony of the original style in the settlement.The range of traditional cultural landmarks is gradually separated from the area where residents live in style.
With the change of people's consumption demands and interpersonal relationships, the composite function of the public field is weakened, and some traditional functions of its basic functional form can no longer meet the needs of modern consumers.However, the public space with new consumption functions in line with The Times has not yet appeared, and the collective memory and cultural value have also declined, resulting in the destruction of traditional cultural landmarks to a large extent.[7] The traditional settlements in Huxiang area do not show the characteristics of local landscape in tourism development, and do not respect the principle of adapting to local conditions in the selection of landscape plants, which is not conducive to the continuation and development of settlement style(2017, Xubin X) [9].The traditional settlement landscape design mainly focuses on the entrance of the settlement, but fails to make full use of the existing cultural resources and landscape integration to design the cultural landscape with local characteristics.
From the perspective of the integration of culture and tourism, the construction of the public space of traditional settlements is not only the integration of culture and tourism, but also the concentrated embodiment of the first, second and third industries in the public space of traditional settlements based on the modern agricultural industry, additional industries and tourism services (2020, Xuelian C) [8].
The inheritance and development of the public space of Huxiang traditional settlements involve many stakeholders such as local residents, tourists and the government.How to balance the demands of multiple interests is of great significance to the construction of the public space of traditional settlements.The inheritance and development of traditional settlement public space culture is mainly a material place to inherit traditional culture and maintain its spatial pattern, characteristics and forms.The preservation and continuation of the residential functions and residential settlements of traditional settlements, as well as the return of traditional residential culture, make the production and life of traditional settlement residents in the settlement become a "living" cultural landscape, improve the quality of life of residents, enhance the cultural confidence of residents, and realize the initiative of inheritance of settlement culture.

Realize sustainable development of traditional settlement tourism
The public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area concentrates the historical and cultural connotation.The heritage and development of the traditional settlement common space from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration is based on culture.In fact, the tourism development is to enhance the image of the tourism environment while continuing the cultural characteristics of the settlement.In other words, modern design techniques are used to beautify and utilize the space environment, improve tourism service facilities, and meet the various needs of tourists, such as eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment.At the same time, it also provide tourists with a high-quality tourism environment, improve the cultural value of settlements and tourism value, and realize the three-dimensional sustainable development of multidimensional business superposition dominated by traditional settlement tourism.

The orientation of inheritance and development of settlement public space
From the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, the inheritance and development of public space of traditional settlements should focus on "protection, culture, function, industry, market, service and exchange", and its positioning should open the limitations of settlements in communication, so that the public can have a powerful memory point.
The positioning of "poetic Chu Land, Huxiang in painting" takes the natural ecological environment of traditional settlements as the background, relies on cultural resources, takes rural tourism, pastoral life and cultural manifestation as the link, takes the integration and development of culture and tourism as a breakthrough, and takes the traditional settlement culture to renew the design of space environment, giving tourists a tourism experience rich in cultural characteristics.Form a cultural experience tourism area with multiple and complex functions, rich cultural connotation and perfect supporting facilities.

The landscape gene settlement view based on spatial pattern
In the process of inheriting and developing the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, we should attach importance to the relationship between settlements and environment and integrate the buildings and Spaces of settlements into the earth environment.The new construction of the settlement space should integrate into the original spatial pattern of the settlement, follow the traditional spatial law of settlement construction, realize the reasonable extension of the spatial form of the settlement group, and realize the construction of the settlement building from the shape of the settlement building, the decoration pattern, the construction material and other aspects.At the same time, the new construction of the settlement space should help the identification and local construction of key space parts through the intervention of modern technology, greatly improve the visual effect and use effect, and do not too invade or even destroy the original space construction system.In the practice of land landscape architecture in the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area, "surrealistic picture of local landscape" and "memory of ancient civilization and cosmic reverberation" are realized.

The landscape landmark time and space view with spatial elements as the pillar
In the inheritance and development of public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang region from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, based on the study of daily life by Lefebvre and de Setto and the concept of "social landscape" proposed by Upton et al., the cognitive relationship between daily space and social life on the material level has shifted the focus of development and construction from elite architecture to the living experience and social consciousness of civilian space.It provides an interactive strategic approach to the understanding of spatial change and construction.On the basis of preserving and repairing historical and cultural landmarks, the public space of settlements should make the terms of style of new buildings form a "New Huxiang Style" as the carrier, and lead time-traveling dialogue with new landmarks through the cultural origin to the time-space node, so as to provide residents and tourists with a good timespace experience of "present" and "past".

The peace and happiness residence view with spatial significance as the main line
In the inheritance and development of the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, we should attach importance to the time latitude of space, escape the trap of "romantic return to the past" in the renewal and new construction of vernacular architecture, accept the temporary and accidental changes in life status and experience, and regard space as a time carrier of both diachronic and synchronic.Settlement public space should be standard urban community supporting facilities, through planning and coordination to achieve complete functions, pipe network integration and intelligence, so that "tourists have happiness" and "residents have happiness".

The output linkage view with spatial efficiency as the driving force
In the process of inheriting and developing the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang region from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration, the promotion effect of high-speed information network and modern intelligent transportation on spatial efficiency should be strengthened, and the population movement and resource exchange inside and outside settlements should be radiated by taking instant information and instantaneous traffic as the driving force, so as to attract tourists and resources to enter and residents and products to go out.Linkage between Huxiang traditional settlements and modern cities demand complementarity and exchange and mutual promotion.

Conclusions
It is of great theoretical and practical significance to inherit and develop the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to inherit and develop the public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration.Based on the extraction of gene elements of public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area, and the investigation of residents' and tourists' perception and interest in gene elements of public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang area, this study concludes that the challenges facing the inheritance and development of public space of traditional settlements in Huxiang are the poor status quo of public space and the mismatch of people's high demantion.In response to these problems, this study proposes that the inheritance and development of Huxiang traditional settlement public space from the perspective of cultural and tourism integration should be positioned as "Poetic Chu land, Painting Huxiang" and construct the inheritance and development strategy of a landscape gene settlement view based on spatial pattern, a landscape landmark time and space view with spatial elements as the pillar, a peace and happiness residence view with spatial significance as the main line, and a pull output linkage view with spatial efficiency as the driving force, so as to help more stable development of Huxiang traditional settlements and provide reference for the development of other the region with cultural characteristics.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Genetic elements analysis of Huxiang traditional settlement public space perceived by residents.

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: Genetic elements analysis of Huxiang traditional settlement public space perceived by tourist interest.

4 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 1 . 1 .
Study on Inheritance and Development Strategy of Public Space of Traditional Settlements in Huxiang Region from the Perspective of Cultural and Tourism Integration The goal of inheritance and development of settlement public space Realize the inheritance of culture

Table 1 :
Secondary functional types of political space and category markers of spatial gene elements Street style , iconic structures ※, festival customs ◎, cultural activities □, natural landscape △

Table 2 :
Secondary functional types of commercial space and categorical markers of spatial gene elements Street style , iconic structures ※, festival customs ◎, cultural activities □, natural landscape △

Table 3 :
Secondary functional types of religious space and categorical markers of spatial gene elements Note: Street style , iconic structures ※, festival customs ◎, cultural activities □, natural landscape △

Table 4 :
Secondary functional types of educational space and categorical markers of spatial gene elements Street style , iconic structures ※, festival customs ◎, cultural activities □, natural

Table 5 :
Secondary functional types and categorical markers of spatial gene elements in other complex Spaces