Author(s)

Li Simin ¹, Zhang Xiaoli ¹, Ma Shengyan ¹, Xing Fengmei ¹, Zhu Ying ¹

Affiliation(s)

¹ North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China

Corresponding Author

Zhang Xiaoli

ABSTRACT

This study aims to construct an intervention program for the intrinsic capacity (IC) of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated with hypertension based on the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) model, providing a reference for clinical intervention. A preliminary intervention program was formulated through literature review, then refined via two rounds of expert panel meetings (11 experts participating, involving deletion of 4 tertiary-level items and clarification of 1 primary-level and 3 tertiary-level items) to form the final program. Conclusions indicate the program is necessary, scientific, and clinically applicable, offering a basis for IC intervention in this population.

KEYWORDS

Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Elderly; Intrinsic capacity; Nursing

CITE THIS PAPER

Li Simin, Zhang Xiaoli, Ma Shengyan, Xing Fengmei, Zhu Ying. Construction of an Intervention Program for Intrinsic Capacity in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Hypertension. Social Medicine and Health Management (2026) Vol. 7: 1-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/socmhm.2026.070101.

REFERENCES

[1] National Bureau of Statistics. Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census in 2020[M]. China Statistics Press, 2021.
[2] Qiao Xiaochun. The Past, Present, and Future of Population Aging in China[J]. Social Policy Research, 2024, (01):47-63+133.
[3] WHO. World Report on Aging and Health,2015[DB/OL].[2015-09-29]. http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/worldreport-2015.
[4] WHO. WHO clinical consortium on healthy ageing: topic focus: frailty and intrinsic capacity [EB/OL]. [2017-08-29]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-FWC-ALC-17.2.
[5] Chinese Geriatrics Society Hypertension Branch, Beijing Hypertension Prevention and Control Association, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital), et al. Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Geriatric Hypertension 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Hypertension, 2023, 31(06):508-538. DOI:10.16439/j.issn.1673-7245.2023.06.003.
[6] Song Xuhui, Liang Xiaoxiao, Dong Haiying, et al. Demand for Community Integrated Medical and Nursing Services Among Elderly Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus in Different Health Dimensions[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), 2024, 59(04):577-582. DOI:10.13705/j.issn.1671-6825.2023.09.016.
[7] WHO. Integrated care for older people (ICOPE): guidance for person-centred assessment and pathways in primary care [EB/OL].2022-03-011. https ://www. who. int/publications/i/item/WHO-FWC-ALC-19.1.
[8] Tavassoli N, de Souto Barreto P, Berbon C, Mathieu C, de Kerimel J, Lafont C, Takeda C, Carrie I, Piau A, Jouffrey T, Andrieu S, Nourhashemi F, Beard JR, Soto Martin ME, Vellas B. Implementation of the WHO integrated care for older people (ICOPE) programme in clinical practice: a prospective study. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022 Jun;3(6):e394-e404. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00097-6. Epub 2022 Jun 9. PMID: 36098317.
[9] Zhao Linlin, Chang Bingjie, Hu Qinghua, et al. Correlation and Influencing Factors of Physical, Psychological, and Social Frailty in Elderly Patients with Comorbidities. Chinese Journal of General Practitioners, 2025, 24(06):670-678.
[10] Yang Liu, Wang Xiaoyun, Yan Huinan. Clinical Study on the Intervention of Baduanjin Combined with Cognitive Training on Cognitive Frailty in Elderly Diabetic Patients[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(23):2848-2853.
[11] Liu Wanying, Jin Ruihua, Ling Tao. Effect of Emotion Release Therapy on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Communities[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2019, 33(16):2754-2758.
[12] Shi Lei, Bai Jiaojiao, Wang Zheng, et al. Effect of Flexibility Training on Balance Function in Elderly Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2023, 38(23):80-83.
[13] An Shumin, Gao Yueqiao, Fang Yun. Application of Dual-Task Training in Elderly Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing Education, 2021, 18(09):777-783.
[14] Yu Huihui, Lei Zhen, Lu Cuiyan, et al. Effect of Group Psychological Intervention on Psychological and Physiological Status of Diabetic Patients[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2015, 53(05):89-94.
[15] Chen Wuxian, Zheng Mei, Li Hong, et al. Influence of Psychological and Behavioral Interventions on Physiological and Psychological States of Elderly Hypertensive Patients[J]. Journal of Nurses Training, 2006, (11):1035-1036. DOI:10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2006.11.043.
[16] Liu Zhixin, Liu Qiong, Wang Jing. Effect of Evidence-Based Emotional Nursing Model on Psychological State and Treatment Compliance of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Complicated with Coronary Heart Disease[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2023, 37(09):1682-1685.
[17] Mou Lisha, Gong Tao, Xu Huini, et al. Effect of Modified Chinese DASH Diet on Nutritional and Health Status of Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(34):4304-4311.
[18] Paula TP, Viana LV, Neto AT, Leitão CB, Gross JL, Azevedo MJ. Effects of the DASH Diet and Walking on Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2015 Nov;17(11):895-901. doi: 10.1111/jch.12597. Epub 2015 Jun 4. PMID: 26041459; PMCID: PMC8031764.
[19] Arija V, Villalobos F, Pedret R, Vinuesa A, Jovani D, Pascual G, Basora J. Physical activity, cardiovascular health, quality of life and blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects: randomized clinical trial. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018 Sep 14;16(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-1008-6. PMID: 30217193; PMCID: PMC6137925.
[20] Wheeler MJ, Green DJ, Ellis KA, Cerin E, Heinonen I, Naylor LH, Larsen R, Wennberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Lewis J, Eikelis N, Lautenschlager NT, Kingwell BA, Lambert G, Owen N, Dunstan DW. Distinct effects of acute exercise and breaks in sitting on working memory and executive function in older adults: a three-arm, randomised cross-over trial to evaluate the effects of exercise with and without breaks in sitting on cognition. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Jul;54(13):776-781. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100168. Epub 2019 Apr 29. PMID: 31036563.
[21] Pariser G, Hager K, Gillette P, Golemboski K, Jackson K. Active steps for diabetes: a community-campus partnership addressing frailty and diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2014 Jan-Feb;40(1):60-67. doi: 10.1177/0145721713514281. Epub 2013 Dec 20. PMID: 24363290. 
[22] National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, The Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China (2025) Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2024: Summary. Chinese Circulation Journal, 40(06), 521-559.
[23] He Hongbo, Zhu Zhiming. Epidemiology and Treatment Status of Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Hypertension in China[J]. Science China: Life Sciences, 2018, 48(08):855-865.
[24] Wu J, Yin X, Ji W, Liu Y, Tang J, Zhang H, Qi S, Li J, Lin L, Yang X, Xu C, Du Q. Hypertension and diabetes on cognitive impairment: a case-control study in China. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2025 May 30;17(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s13195-025-01761-3.
[25] Wang Shixiu, Wang Yunqiong, Zhu Shiqiong, et al. Prevalence of Depression and Its Influencing Factors Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Diabetic Patients Based on CHARLS[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2025, 40(11):86-89.
[26] Zheng Shujuan, Li Yu, Ouyang Juyan, et al. Nutritional Status and Related Factors of Hospitalized Elderly Hypertensive Patients with Frailty[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatric Heart, Brain, and Vessel Diseases, 2024, 26(08):886-891.
[27] Wei X, Chen Y, Qin J, Yang Y, Yang T, Yan F, Zhang Z, Han L, Ma Y. Factors associated with the intrinsic capacity in older adults: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs. 2024 May;33(5):1739-1750. doi: 10.1111/jocn.17017. Epub 2024 Feb 12. PMID: 38345142.
[28] Wang Dengwei, Fang Xin, Yang Ze, et al. Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Hypertension Complicated with Diabetes Mellitus Among Residents Aged 35-75 Years in Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Hypertension, 2023, 31(05):461-464. DOI:10.16439/j.issn.1673-7245.2023.05.011.
[29] Li Hongyan, Yang Zhilan, Zhao Huimin, et al. A Scoping Review of Intrinsic Capacity in Older Adults[J]. Journal of Nursing Science, 2025, 40(14):110-115.

Sponsors, Associates, and Links

---

• Information Systems and Economics
  
  
• Accounting, Auditing and Finance
  
  
• Industrial Engineering and Innovation Management
  
  
• Tourism Management and Technology Economy
  
  
• Journal of Computational and Financial Econometrics
  
  
• Financial Engineering and Risk Management
  
  
• Accounting and Corporate Management
  
  
• Social Security and Administration Management
  
  
• Population, Resources & Environmental Economics
  
  
• Statistics & Quantitative Economics
  
  
• Agricultural & Forestry Economics and Management
  
  
• Land Resource Management
  
  
• Information, Library and Archival Science
  
  
• Journal of Human Resource Development
  
  
• Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
  
  
• Operational Research and Cybernetics