Author(s)

Zhuoya Zhang, Nanjun Lang, Wen Ye, Xin Yang

Corresponding Author

Xin Yang

ABSTRACT

Ecosystem services (ES) are a fundamental and important part of ecology. Recently, the study of ES has intensified, but research on ES over distances is still lacking. The integration of different types of ES into the tele coupling framework is not in widespread use due to the socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. In this study, we present a tele coupling framework to analyse the coupled human and natural systems of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, which has the highest typical tropical forest cover in China and a large amount of biodiversity. We followed the ES types and analysed their tele couplings. By employing a tele coupling analysis, we studied the tele coupling of provisioning service systems, regulating service systems, and culture services. We differentiated between systems, flows, agents, causes, and effects in every ES type. Further research on tele coupling within ES might facilitate a better understanding of distance between ES and enhance coupled human and nature system in complex global interactions.

KEYWORDS

Ecosystem services (ES); Xishuangbanna; tele coupling