Author(s)

Yu Zhou

Corresponding Author

Yu Zhou

ABSTRACT

The existing historical materials of Tianjin concession accurately reflect the special social situations of China at that time: the “permanent land lease” and “the states within a state” . This paper analyzes the fact that Britain grabbed the Tianjin concession through The Beijing Treaty in 1860, and gradually seized the consular jurisdiction, the permanent lease of land, the administrative power, the power of collecting tariff, as well as the police power in the concession. These behaviors seriously infringed China's sovereignty. They reveal the nature of foreign powers' forced establishment of concessions at treaty ports: the crazy political, economic and cultural aggression against the Chinese people.

KEYWORDS

Tianjin Concession, Consular Jurisdiction, Permanent Lease of Land, Administrative Power