Author(s)

Caizi Niu, Jiaying Shi, Hanfu Zhang

Corresponding Author

Jiaying Shi

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer is presently one of the most prevalent malignancies in females. Among all types of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most challenging subtype to treat due to the absence of chemotherapeutic targets such as ER, PGR, and HER-2, the ease of recurrence, and the high rate of metastasis. Based on its sensitivity to chemotherapy, chemotherapy and neoadjuvant therapy for TNBC was developed and so achieved breakthroughs recently in the treatment of TNBC. Nonetheless, the prognosis for chemotherapy in partial responders and recurrent patients is often poor, and there is no conventional treatment protocol. In these years, the Vaccine-Based Immunotherapy Regimen has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic option with the advantage of relapse prevention as well as safety and patient specificity, and the autologous tumor cell-based vaccine can benefit from training the patient’s immune system to recognize and eliminate the occult disease. To discuss the possible therapeutic applications that will be evaluated and predicted future directions, this paper reviewed three vaccine targets utilized in TNBC in recent years, Folate receptor alpha (Frα), Mucin 1 (MUC1), and Cancer Testis Antigen (CTA). From the standpoint of vaccination therapy, their principles, effects, and results of relevant clinical trials phases for TNBC are also discussed, and make our suggestions for further development.

KEYWORDS

Breast Cancer, Vaccine therapy, Immunotherapy