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Immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-L1 as cancer therapeutics

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DOI: 10.23977/misbp.2022027

Author(s)

Jiayue Jiang

Corresponding Author

Jiayue Jiang

ABSTRACT

Early preclinical studies suggested that PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibition may be utilized as a cancer immunotherapy Antibodies that inhibit programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) for a subpopulation of cancer patients have piqued researchers' attention since the discovery of immune checkpoint proteins. Early-phase trials in advanced solid tumors using various humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibodies targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 opened the path for the development of the first PD-1 inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, which were authorized by the FDA in 2014. With treatment indications spanning a wide variety of malignancies, the number of FDA-approved medications in this class is rapidly increasing. The focus of this review will be on the mechanism of action of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, as well as clinical trials of currently approved PD-1/PD-L1 targeted drugs and the occurrence of related adverse reactions, allowing clinicians to pay closer attention to these side effects and better formulate intervention and resolution strategies.

KEYWORDS

PD-1, PD-L1, immune checkpoint inhibitors, clinical trials, adverse events, monoclonal antibody

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